Genetic Terms
| Term (memorize) | Definition (memorize) |
|---|
| cell cycle | orderly sequence of events in which cellular components are duplicated and divided in two |
| sister chromatids | replicated chromosomes |
| daughter chromosomes | split sister chromatids |
| DNA Synthesis | Template, Primer, dNTPs, enzyme |
| Human Somatic Cells | 46 Chromosomes (Diploid) |
| Germ Cells | 23 Chromosomes (Haploid) |
| Homozygous | a pair of alleles which are identical |
| Heterozygous | a single pair of alleles which are unlike each other. |
| Gene Locus | the location for a specific gene on a specific type of chromosome. |
| Pair of Alleles | Different Genetic Codes (same/diff eye color) |
| Centromere | where the chromosomes connect |
| Pair of genes | same thing as three pairs of alleles |
| Dominant | The one that prevails (Allele code that wins) |
| Recessive | Gene Allele not expressed if hetero state |
| Genotype | information (in DNA) |
| Phenotype | appearance (what you see) |
| Gamete | germ cell |
| Punnett Squares | respresent crosses |
| N-Glycosidic | bond between the sugar and the base |
| Phosphodiester | bond between the Phosphate and the Sugar |
| Hydrogen | bond type between the two bases. |
Stages of Mitosis
| Stage (memorize) | Event (memorize) |
|---|
| Prophase | chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle assembles |
| Prometaphase | nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle contacts chromosomes |
| Metaphase | chromosomes line up in the center (equator) |
| Anaphase | chromosomes split apart |
| Telophase | nuclear envelope reassembles around separated chromosomes creating two nuclei |
Bases
| Base (memorize) | Type (memorize) |
|---|
| Adenine | Purines (Big) |
| Guanine | Purines (Big) |
| Thymine | Pyrimidines (Small) |
| Cytosine | Pyrimidines (Small) |
| Uracil | Pyrimidines (Small only RNA) |
DNA Synthesis Terms
| Term (memorize) | Definition (memorize) |
|---|
| Building Blocks of DNA | Nucleotides (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP) |
| DNA Helicase | seperates DNA |
| Nuclease | removes nucleutids |
| Polymerase | fills the gaps |
| Ligase | Seals the Gap |
RNA Types
| Type (memorize) | Function (memorize) |
|---|
| mRNAs | codes for proteins |
| rRNAs | part of the ribosome, site of protein synthesis |
| tRNAs | carries amino acids to the ribosome |
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