Drug Reactions
| Drug reaction (memorize) | Causal agent (memorize) |
|---|---|
| Lactic acidosis | Metformin |
| Hyperlipidemia | Sirolimus |
| Dyslipidemia | Metoprolol |
| Hematologic toxicity with this post-op analgesic | Ketorlac (don't use for more than 5 days) |
| Stevens Johnson syndrome | antineoplastics |
| clinical depression | Interferon (for Hepatitis B) |
| hyperprolactinemia/galactorrhea | tricylics (like nortriptylene) |
| atropine like side effects | tricylcics |
| cardiac toxicity | doxorubicin (adriamycin), danorubicin |
| Coronoary vasospasm | cocaine |
| cutaneous flushing | niacin, calcium channel blockers, adenosine, vancomycin |
| Agranulocytosis | clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine |
| aplastic anemia | chloramphenecol, benzene, NSAIDs |
| Gray baby syndrome | chloramphenecol inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase |
| Hemolysis in G6PDers | sulfonamides, isoniazid (INH), aspirin, ibuprofen, primaquine, nitrofurantoin, dapsone |
| Thrombotic complications | OCPs |
| cough | ACE inhibitors |
| Pulmonary fibrosis | bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan |
| Acute cholestatic hepatitis | Macrolides |
| Focal to massive hepatic necrosis | Halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen, amanita phalloides |
| Hepatitis | INH |
| Pseudomembranous colitis | clindamycin, ampicillin |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | glucocorticoid withdrawal (HPA Suppression) |
| gynecomastia | Spirinolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, chronic alcohol use, ketoconazole |
| hot flashes | tamoxifen |
| gingival hyperplasia | phenytoin, verapamil |
| osteoporosis | corticosteroids, heparin |
| photosensitivity | Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines |
| SLE like syndrome | hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine |
| Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage | fluoroquinolones (example = ciprofloxacin for gram negatives) |
| fanconi's syndrome | expired tetracycline |
| interstitial nephritis | methicillin |
| hemorrhagic cystitis | cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide |
| cinchonism | quinidine, quinine |
| diabetes insipidus (nephrogenic) | lithium, demeclocycline |
| seizures | buproprion, imipenem/cilastin |
| tardative dyskinesias | antipsychotics |
| disulfiram like reaction | metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine, sulfonylureas |
| Nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity | polymixins |
| nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity | aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, cisplatin |
| intrahepatic cholestasis and jaundice | birth control pills, anabolic steroids |
Toxins and Antidotes/Tx
| Toxin (memorize) | Antidote/Tx (memorize) |
|---|---|
| Acetaminophen | N-acetylcysteine |
| Salicylates | alkanize urine, dialysis |
| Anticholinesterases, organophosphates | atropine, pralidoxime |
| antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents | physostigmine salicylate |
| B-blockers | glucagon |
| digitalis | stop dig, normalize K+. lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+ |
| iron | deferoxamine |
| lead | CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer ("it SUCKS to be a kid who eats lead."), penicillamine |
| arsenic, mercury, gold | dimercaprol (BAL), succimer |
| copper, arsenic, gold | penicillamine |
| cyanide | nitrate, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate |
| methemoglobin | methelyne blue |
| carbon monoxide | 100% O2, hyperbaric O2 |
| methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) | ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole |
| opioids | naloxone/naltrexone |
| benzodiazepines | flumazenil |
| TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) | NaHCO3 |
| Heparin | protamine |
| Warfarin | vit K, fresh frozen plasma |
| tPA, streptokinase | aminocaproic acid |
Herbal Agents
| Agent (clinical use) (memorize) | Toxicities (memorize) |
|---|---|
| echinacea (common cold) | GI, dizziness, headache (HA) |
| ephedra (weight loss) | CNS and CV stimulation, arrhythmias, stroke, and seizures at high does |
| feverfew (migraine) | GI, mouth ulcers, antiplatelet actions |
| ginkgo (intermittent claudication) | GI, anxiety, insomnia, HA, antiplatelet actions |
| kava (chronic anxiety) | GI, sedation, ataxia, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity, dermatotoxicity |
| milk thistle (viral hepatitis) | loose stools |
| saw palmetto (BPH) | GI, decreased libido, HTN |
| St. John's wort (mild to mod depression) | GI, phototoxicity, serotonin syndrome with SSRIs, inhibits p-450 system |
| dehydroepiandroterone (Sx'ic improvement in females with SLE or AIDS) | androgenization (premenopausal women), estrogenix effects (postmenopausic women), feminization (young men) |
| melatonin (jet lag, insomnia) | sedation, suppresses midcycle LH, hypoprolactenemia |
Add a section to this page!
- Click this button to contribute to this page (by adding a section here).♦
Feel free to experiment. Your edits won't immediately show up to everyone.
working...