Sol y Viento, Lección 5b
Vocabulary and Grammar for SPN1121 Florida State University"Sol y Viento", Lección 5b
For your use: á é í ó ú ñ ¿ ¡
Eventos históricos e importantes
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| colonizar (c) | to colonize |
| conquistar | to conquer |
| descubrir | to discover |
| establecer (zc) | to establish |
| explorar | to explore |
| invadir | to invade |
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| los años veinte (treinta) | the 20s (30s) (decades) |
| la conquista | conquest |
| la década | decade |
| el desastre natural | natural disaster |
| el descubrimiento | discovery |
| el encuentro | encounter; meeting |
| la fecha | date (calendar) |
| la fundación | founding |
| la guerra | war |
| el huracán | hurricane |
| la inundación | flood |
| la llegada | arrival |
| el siglo (XXI) | (the 21st) century |
| el terremoto | earthquake |
| la depresión (económica) | (economic) depression |
| la exploración | exploration |
| la independencia | independence |
| el/la inmigrante | immigrant |
| la invasión | invasion |
| la migración | migration |
| la revolución | revolution |
Eventos personales
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| casarse (con) | to get married (to) |
| divertirse (ie,i) | to have fun |
| divorciarse (de) | to get divorced (from) |
| fracasar | to fail |
| graduarse (me gradúo) | to graduate |
| mudarse | to move (to a new house) |
| nacer (zc) | to be born |
| tener (irreg.) éxito | to succeed, be successful |
| celebrar | to celebrate |
| morir (ue, u) | to die |
| pasarlo bien/mal | to have a good/bad time |
| sentirse (ie, i) | to feel |
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| la boda | wedding |
| el divorcio | divorce |
| el éxito | success |
| el fracaso | failure |
| la graduación | graduation |
| el matrimonio | marriage |
| la mudanza | move (to a new house) |
| la muerte | death |
| el nacimiento | birth |
| el/la novio/a | groom, bride |
| el/la recién nacido/a | newborn baby |
Adjetivos
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| ansioso/a | anxious |
| contento/a | happy |
| deprimido/a | depressed |
| difícil | difficult |
| emocionante | exciting |
| enojado/a | angry |
| estable | stable |
| feliz (pl. felices) | happy |
| nervioso/a | nervous |
| orgulloso/a (de) | proud (of) |
| oscuro/a | dark; scary |
| pacífico/a | peaceful |
| tumultuoso/a | tumultuous; unstable |
| triste | sad |
los números del 1.000 al 2.000.000
dos (tres,...) mil, diez mil, cien mil, docientos mil, trescientos mil, cuatrocientos mil, quinientos mil, seiscientos mil, setecientos mil, ochocientos mil, novecientos mil, un millón (de), dos millones (de)
Otras palabras y expresiones
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| al + infin. | upon/while/when (doing something) |
| mientras | while |
Primera Parte
Gramática
THE IMPERFECT: ONGOING ACTIONS
Anoche a las diez yo estudiaba en la biblioteca.
Mientras María trabajaba en la excavación, Jaime visitaba la ciudad de Santiago.
THE PRETERITE: COMPLETED ACTIONS
La Guerra Civil española duró tres años.
Vine, vi, vencí. (Julio César)
Anoche trabajé hasta las nueve y luego salí con unos amigos.
THE PRETERITE AND IMPERFECT TOGETHER: NARRATING A STORY OR DESCRIBING A SITUATION
IMPERFECT
♦ actions in progress, gives background information
PRETERITE
♦ specific events in the past, advances the story
♦ Besides expressing repeated and habitual action in the past, the imperfect is also used to signal that an event or condition was in progress at a specific point in time or that two events were simultaneously in progress in the past.
Segunda Parte
Gramática
VERBS WITH MEANING CHANGES IN THE IMPERFEC AND PRETERITE
IMPERFECT| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| conocía | I knew (a person) |
| podía | I was able, could |
| no podía | I wasn't able, couldn't |
| quería | I wanted |
| no quería | I didn't want |
| sabía | I knew (something) |
| no sabíia | I didn't know |
PRETERITE
| español (memorize) | inglés (memorize) |
|---|---|
| conocí | I met (a person) |
| pude | I could (and did) |
| no pude | I couldn't (and didn't) |
| quise | I tried |
| no quise | I refused |
| supe | I found out |
| no supe | I never knew/found out |
Tercera Parte
Gramática
USES OF THE PRETERITE
♦ to communicate that an event happened at a particular point in time
♦ to communicate an even that was confined by time limits
♦ to communicate a series of completed or consecutive events
♦ to express that one event occurred while another was in progress
USES OF THE IMPERFECT
♦ to communicate that an event was in progress as a certain time
♦ to communicate that two events were taking place at the same time
♦ to communicate that an event occurred repeatedly in the past
♦ to provide background information (time, weather, age, physical/mental characteristics, states) while narrating an event.
Comunicació Útil
To ask about an event ("How was...?), Spanish uses the expression qué tal with the preterite of the verb estar.♦ ¿Qué tal estuvo el partido (la película, la boda, la clase...)?
♦ How was the game (the movie, the wedding, the class...)?
♦ Estuvo bien ( mal, interesante, aburrido/a, divertido/a...).
♦ It was good (bad, interesting, boring, fun...).
Spanish can also use fue, but only with indirect objects.
♦ ¿Comó te fue en la entrevista?
♦ How did it go for you in the interview? / How was the interview?
♦ Me fue muy bien, gracias.
♦ It went really well for me, thanks / It was great, thanks.
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