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Sol y Viento, Unit 6A Review

Vocabulary and Grammar for SPN1121 Test #6, Florida State University

 

"Sol y Viento", Unit 6A

 

For your use: á é í ó ú ñ ¿ ¡

Vocabulary

Vocabulary from p346

El transporte y los viajes

Palabra(s) (memorize)	Definición(es) (memorize)
bajar (de)	to get off (of)
facturar el equipaje	to check luggage
hacer cola	to wait in line
hacer escala	to make a stopover
hacer la maleta	to pack a suitcase
hacer un viaje	to take a trip
ir al extranjero	to go abroad
marearse	to get nauseated, sick
pasar por la aduana	to go through customs
pasar por seguridad	to go through security
subir (a)	to board, get on
el aeropuerto	airport
la agencia de viajes	travel agency
el/la agente de viajes	travel agent
el asiento	seat
el/la asistente de vuelo	flight attendant
el avión	airplane
el boleto	ticket
el boleto de ida	one-way ticket
el boleto de ida y vuelta	round-trip ticket
la clase turística	coach
el equipaje	luggage
el maletero	skycap, porter
el/la pasajero/a	passenger
la primera clase	first class
la sala de espera	waiting area
el/la viajero/a	traveler
el vuelo (directo)	(direct) flight
el autobús	bus
el pasaporte	passport
la reservación	reservation
el barco	boat

El alojamiento

Palabra(s) (memorize)	Definición(es) (memorize)
alojarse	to stay (in a place [a])
quedarse	to stay (in a place [q])
el botones	bellhop
la pensión	boardinghouse
la pensión completa	boardinghouse w/ room and all meals
la media pensión	boardinghouse w/ room and one other meal (breakfast)
la propina	tip
el servicio de cuarto	room service
con baño (privado)	with a (private) bathroom
de lujo	luxury
la cama	bed
la cama sencilla	twin bed
la cama matrimonial	queen bed
la habitación	bedroom
el hotel	hotel

¿Cómo se llega a... ?

Palabra(s) (memorize)	Definición(es) (memorize)
cruzar	to cross
doblar	to turn
seguir derecho	to continue, go straight
¿Cuánto hay de aquí a...?	How far is it to...?
la calle	street
la cuadra / la manzana	block
el plano	city map
el mapa	map
a la derecha	to the right
a la izquierda	to the left
el este	east
el norte	north
el oeste	west
el sur	south

En el restaurante

Palabra(s) (memorize)	Definición(es) (memorize)
atender	to wait on
dejar (una) propina	to leave a tip
¿Me podría traer...?	Could you bring me...?
¿Qué trae...?	What does ... come with?
el/la cocinero/a	cook
la copa	glass (wine, liquor)
los cubiertos	silverware
la cuchara	spoon
el cuchillo	knife
la cuenta	bill, check (in a restaurant)
el/la mesero/a	waiter/waitress
el primer plato	first course
el segundo plato	second course
el tercer plato	third course
la servilleta	napkin
la taza	coffee cup
el tenedor	fork
el vaso	glass (water)
ordenar	to order
el menú	menu
el plato	plate
traer	to bring

Gramática

Affirmative Formal Commands

Affirmative formal commands (los mandatos formales) directed at one person (Ud.) are formed by taking the yo form of the present-tense indicitave, dropping the -o or -oy ending, and adding the "opposite" vowel. If the verb is an -ar verb, the opposite vowel is -e; if an -er or -ir verb, the opposite is an -a. Commands directed at more than one person (Uds.) add -en for -ar verbs, and -an for -er and -ir verbs.

 

Infinitive (memorize)	yo Form (memorize)	Stem (memorize)	Ud. command (memorize)	Uds. command (memorize)
hablar	hablo	habl-	hable	hablen
beber	bebo	beb-	beba	beban
abrir	abro	abr-	abra	abran
decir	digo	dig-	diga	digan
conducir	conduzco	conduzc-	conduzca	conduzcan

 

For verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar:

Infinitive (memorize)	yo Form (memorize)	Stem (memorize)	Ud. command (memorize)	Uds. command (memorize)
sacar	saco	sac-	sacque	saquen
pagar	pago	pag-	pague	paguen
comenzar	comienzo	comience	comiencen

 

Ir and ser have irregular command forms: Ir --> Vaya, Vayan Ser --> Sea, Sean

 

Dar requires an accent in its command form to distinguish from the preposition de: Dar --> Dé

 

Estar requires an accent in both Ud. and Uds. forms: Estar --> Esté, Estén

 

Direct and indirect object pronouns, as well as reflexive pronouns, are attached to the end of an affirmative formal command. Remeber that when both a direct and indirect object pronoun are used, indirect objects come before direct objects. Note the written accents, which indicate where the stress would normall fall on the verb if there were no pronouns attached:

 

Example (memorize)	English (memorize)
Háganla	Do it.
Despiértense	Wake up.
Démelo	Give it to me

Negative formal commands

 

When using an affirmative formal command, the pronouns are attached to the end of the command. For negative formal commands, the pronouns come before the command:

Affirmative (memorize)	Negative (memorize)
Hablele	No le hable
Cómprenle	No le compren
Démelo	No me lo dé
Siéntense	No se siénten

 

To make a command for "us", add -mos after the command

Introduction to the Present Perfect

To talk about what has happened, Spanish uses a form of the verb haber (to have) plus a past participle. Past participles are formed by removing the -ar, -er, and -ir verb endings and adding -ado, -ido, and -ido respectively.

 

Person (memorize)	Verb form (hacer) (memorize)
yo	he
tú	has
él/ella/Ud.	ha
nosotros	hemos
vosotros	habéis
ellos/ellas/Uds.	han

Verbs whose stems end in a vowel require a written accent in the past participle:

leer --> leído oír --> oído traer --> traído

Some common verbs have irregular past participles:

Verb (memorize)	Past participle (memorize)
decir	dicho
escribir	escrito
hacer	hecho
morir	muerto
poner	puesto
ver	visto
volver	vuelto

See also

 

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