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Sol Y Viento Leccion 8a
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Talking About Money. ¿Cómo manejas el dinero? How do you handle money?
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) el cheque check la cuenta corriente checking account la cuenta bill; check la cuenta de ahorros savings account darse cuenta de to realize los ahorros savings el cajero automático ATM los cheques de viajero traveler's checks sacar (qu) dinero to withdraw money depositar to deposit el/la cajero/a teller ahorrar to save (money) guarder to save, keep (things) gastar to spend (money) pasar to spend (time) cobrar to charge (a fee) ganar to earn manejar (bien/mal) to manage (well, poorly) pagar (gu) a plazos to pay in installments los gastos expenses los ingresos income el presupuesto (mensual) budget (monthly) el recibo receipt el sueldo salary derrochador (a) wasteful irresponsable irresponsible responsable responsible cargar (gu) to charge el efectivo cash (money) la tarjeta de crédito credit card además de besides
Talking About What You Are Doing Now. ¿Qué estás haciendo? What are you doing?
The Present Progressive: formed with the verb estar + a present participle
The present participle is formed by adding -ando to the stem of -ar verbs and
-iendo to the stem of -er and -ir verbs.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) estar to be (temporary state) estoy I am estás you are, familar está he, she, it is estamos we are están they/you (pl.) are están jugando they are playing estás comiendo you (f.) are eating estás llamando you are calling seguir to follow,to pursue, to continue sigo I continue sigues you continue sigue he, she, it continues seguimos we continue siguen they continue sigues trabajando you continue working sigo esperando I continue waiting
Verb (memorize) Present Participle (memorize) servir sirviendo pedir pidiendo decir diciendo dormir durmiendo leer leyendo oír oyendo construir construyendo
...-er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel - a "y" is used instead of an "i".
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) estan leyendo they are reading estás oyendo you are hearing estoy construyendo I am constructing
Object and Reflexive pronouns can either precede the conjugated verb (estar) or be attached to the present participal.
If attached to the present participle, a written accent is added to maintain the original stress of the verb.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) Pedro se está duchando Pedro is taking a shower Pedro está duchándose Pedro is taking a shower
... the present progressive, is used to espress actions that are repeated or that extend over a long period of time. The regular present tense is also used for impending or planned actions.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) Siempre lo llama She is always calling him Trabaja para la compañia ... he is working for ... llegamos pronto we are arriving soon ¿A gué hora vienes? What time are you coming?
...an event or action has been going on or continuing over a period of time, Spanish uses the verb seguir + present participle instead of "estar".
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) ¿Sigues trabajando para ... ? Are you still working for ...? Sigo esperando ... I keep (I'm still) waiting ... sigo I follow/pursue/continue sigues you (fam.) follow/pursue/continue sigue he, she, it, you (formal) follow/pursue/continue seguimos we follow/pursue/continue siguen they, you (pl.) follow/pursue/continue
Talking About Payments, Loans, and Debts. Las deudas. Debts. More on personal finances.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) un préstamo a loan una hipoteca a mortgage el seguro médico medical insurance el seguro de automóvil auto insurance amortizar (c) una deude (una hipoteca) to pay off a debt (a mortgage) deber to owe pagar (gu) de una vez to pay off all at once pedir (i,i) prestado/a to borrow prestar to lend la comisión commission los intereses interest el seguro insurance antirrobo antitheft contra incendios fire de vida life de vivienda homeowner's
Talking About What You Would Do ¿Qué harías? What would you do? Introduction to the Conditional. Conditional verb forms allow you to express what you would do, given a particular situation or circumstance. Spanish marks conditional by adding a form of -ía and -ar, -er, and -ir verbs all have the same conditional endings ...
-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) No sé qué haría I don't know what I would do hablaría I would speak hablarías you would speak hablaría he, she, it would speak hablaríamos we would speak hablarían they would speak comería I would eat comerías you would eat comería he, she, it would eat comeríamos we would eat comerían they would eat viviría I would live vivirías you would live viviría he, she, it would live viviríamos we would live vivirían they would live
...have the same conditional endings as the Regular Conditional Verb forms with the exception stem changes. Learn the stem changes:
Verb (memorize) Stem change (memorize) decir dir haber habr hacer har poder podr poner pondr querer querr saber sabr salir saldr tener tendr venir vendr
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) diría I would tell/say dirías you would tell/say diría he, she, it would tell/say diríamos we would tell/say dirían they would tell/say habría I would have habrías you would have habría he,she,it would have habríamos we would have habrían they would have haría I would do/make harías you would do/make haría he, she, it would do/make haríamos we would do/make harían they would do/make podría I would be able podrías you would be able podría he, she, it would be able podríamos we would be able podrían they would be able pondría I would put pondrías you would put pondría he, she, it would put pondríamos we would put pondrían they would put querría I would want querrías you would want querría he, she, it would want querríamos we would want querrían they would want sabría I would know sabrías you would know sabría he, she, it would know sabríamos we would know sabrían they would know saldría I would leave saldrías you would leave saldría he, she, it would leave saldríamos we would leave saldrían they would leave tendría I would have tendrías you would have tendría he, she, it would have tendríamos we wuld have tendrían they would have vendría I would come vendrías you would come vendría he, she, it would come vendríamos we would come vendrían they would come
Talking about the economy La economía Local and World Markets
¿Cómo va la economía? Como muchas otras cosas, la economía también pasa por ciclos... How is the economy going? Like many other things, the economy also happens in cycles...
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) prosperidad prosperity una alza a rise la Bolsa de valores stock markert tasa de desempleo unemployment rate recesión recession los tipos de interés interest rates bajando lowering depresión depression una baja a loss una subida an ascent invertir (ie,i) to invest subir to go up las acciones stocks los bienes fabricados manufactured goods los bienes raíces real estate la informática information technology las inversiones investments el mundo de los espectáculos entertainment industry los países desarrollados developed countries los países en vías de desarrollo developing countries la pobreza poverty la recuperación recovery la riqueza wealth exportar to export importar to import los automóviles automobiles la electrónica electronics la inflación inflation los metales preciosos precious metals los productos farmacéuticos pharmaceutical products los textiles textiles
Los productos agrícolas y comestibles The agricultural products and foods
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) el azúcar sugar el cacao cocoa el café coffee el tabaco tobaco el acero steel la energía energy la madera wood el petróleo petroleum
Espressing Hypothetical Events
Hypothetical Statements; Introduction to the Imperfect Subjunctive
Si tuviera más dinero... If I had more money
Real vs. possible situations:
If I have money, I spend it right away = real statement = present tense
If I had the money, I would spend it right away = unreal or hypothetical statement = past tense
In Spanish, if the Si clause represents a real situation, the verb in the Si clause is in the present tense and the verb in the main clause can either be in the present or the future. In an unreal or hypothetical condition, the verb in the Si clause is in the Imperfect Subjunctive, and the verb in the main clause is in the conditional.
The Imperfect Subjunctive is formed by taking the 3rd Person Plural of the preterite, minus the -on ending, and adding the endings
-a, -as, -a, -ais, -amos, -an.
Forming the Imperfect Subjunctive!
hablar=hablaron ... comer=comieron ... vivir ... vivieron MINUS the -on PLUS the above endings
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) si hablara if I were to speak si hablaras if you were to speak si hablara if he, she, it were to speak si habláramos if we were to speak si hablaran if they were to speak si comiera if I were to eat si comieras if you were to eat si comiera if he, she, it were to speak si comiéramos if we were to speak si comieran if they were to speak si viviera if I were to live si vivieras if you were to live si viviera if he, she, it were to live si viviéramos if we were to live si vivieran if they were to live
Forming the Imperfect Subjunctive via the 3rd person preterite paractice:
Verb (memorize) 3rd person preterite (memorize) Imperfect Subjunctive 1st person (memorize) nosotros (memorize) decir dijeron dijera dijéramos estar estuvieron estuviera estuviéramos haber hubieron hubiera hubiéramos hacer hicieron hiciera hiciéramos ir fueron fuera fuéramos poder pudieron pudiera pudiéramos poner pusieron pusiera pusiéramos querer quisieron quisiera quisiéramos saber supieron supiera supiéramos ser fueron fuera fuéramos tener tuvieron tuviera tuviéramos venir vinieron viniera viniéramos
...in the preterite also have the same vowel change in all forms of the imperfect subjunctive ... dormir=durmieron, pedir=pidieron. Verbs that undergo a change from i to y in the 3rd person preterite also keep the y in all forms of the imperfect subjunctive ... creer=creyeron, oír=oyeron.
Spanish (memorize) English (memorize) si durmiera if I were to sleep si durmieras if you were to sleep si durmiera if he, she, it were to sleep si durmiéramos if we were to sleep si durmieran if they were to sleep si pidiera if I were to ask si pidieras if you were to ask si pidiera if he, she, it were to ask si pidiéramos if we were to ask si pidieran if they were to ask si creyera if I were to believe/think si creyeras if you were to believe/think si creyera if he, she, it were to believe si creyéramos if we were to believe si creyeran if they were to believe si oyera if I were to hear si oyeras if you were to hear si oyera if he, she, it were to hear si oyéramos if we were to hear si oyeran if they were to hear
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